works to india

Special Economic Zone is one or more areas of a country where the tariffs and quotas are eliminated and bureaucratic requirements are lowered so that more companies are attracted to the area. The companies establishing in the area also gets extra incentives for doing business. In India the policy for setting up SEZ was introduced on April 1, 2000 with a view to provide an internationally competitive and hassle free environment for exports. The policy offered setting up of SEZ in the public, private, joint sector or by State Governments.

INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUTURE   

The Government of West Bengal has initiated time bound steps to modernize infrastructure facilities and also to create new clusters and growth centers. Since infrastructure creation involves considerable investments, the state welcomes private participation in this area and has already made considerable progress in laying the groundwork for state-of-the-art industrial facilities to attract entrepreneurs.

GROWTH CENTRES

The government has encouraged the development of Growth Centres through the West Bengal Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (WBIIDC). The infrastructure faculties provided in these Growth Centres include developed land, industrial shed, water supply, power supply, street lighting, internal drainage & sewerage system. Other facilities such as telephone, banks, post offices, fire stations, police outposts, shopping centers, centre for recreational facilities are also being contemplated for the new Growth Centres. Till date WBIIDC has established 12 Growth centers in different locations of the state such as Kalyani (Phase I, II, III), Falta, Uluberia, Bishnupur, Raninagar, Coochbehar, Malda, Dadgram, Haldia, and Kharagpur, WBIIDC is also in the process of setting up 3 more Growth Centres at Jalpaiguri, Bolpur and Malda (Phase II). 

INDUSTRIAL PARKS

The West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation has promoted / facilitated the development of sector specific industrial parks in the State keeping in mind the GoWB roadmap for rapid industrial growth. An overview of some of the Industrial Parks initiated and / or developed in the State.

 INTELLIGENT PARKS

There are a number of Intelligent Parks being set up in the state which is now the centre of action for IT and ITeS companies. With more & more software companies moving into Kolkata for software development & BPO operations to drive down costs, several private entrepreneurs & realtors have entered the fray. They are setting up the state-of-the-art intelligent buildings & IT Parks to provide ‘intelligent space’ to IT & ITeS companies. As the Salt Lake Electronics Complex is almost saturated, there is need for new ‘plug-n-play’ IT facilities. So several private realtors are setting up IT facilities in & around Salt Lake or at New Town, Rajarhat.

The State is also planning to set up several Mega IT projects taking the SEZ route which include centres such as Siliguri, Haldia, Durgapur and Kharagpur. The GoWB expects that with the large number of IT hubs currently under development about 13.3 million sq. feet of built up space will be available over the next one year.

 Snapshot of some of the IT projects in the City

                      The GoWB has also initiated creation of industrial infrastructure in the form of Special Economic Zones which are specially delineated enclaves entitled to several fiscal concessions and incentives. At the moment, there are three SEZs operating in the State while several others have either been approved in principle or are in various stages of implementation. SEZs are discussed separately in Chapter 6.

A new ship building facility & SEZ is proposed to be built of 1,500 acres of land near Haldia in West Bengal. Mr. P.K. Ruia the promoter is seeking an allocation of 1,500 acres of land from the govThe West Bengal Government is in favour of implementing urban development and infrastructure projects on a public-private partnership (PPP) mode.

The Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) has joined hands with the Merlin Group to build a stadium at Rajdanga, off the Eastern Metropolitan Bypass here, at an estimated investment of Rs 100 crore, Mr Asok Bhattacharya, West Bengal’s Minister for Municipal Affairs & Urban Development, told members of the Merchants’ Chamber of Commerce here today. Speaking on “Urban Development in Kolkata - New Dynamics”, Mr Bhattacharya said the State Government had formulated uniform guidelines to ensure transparency in PPP projects. It was important to accelerate the process of urbanisation in a “spatially balanced manner” in view of the fact that the population in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area was expected to go up from 14.7 million now to 21 million by 2025.

The West Bengal government will construct a $ 265 million container port at Kulpi on BOOT basis. The Bengal Port Ltd (BPL), the promoter of the project will soon sign an agreement with the state government to this effect.  Construction of the project will begin within 12 months and the process of securing the requisite approvals is currently on. The new port will handle 1 million tonnes of cargo per annum, initially, which will be expanded to 4.5 MTPA in due course. The new port will also have facilities like ship-breaking and repairing. Port facilities will be spread over 1,500 hectares of land. About 1,500 hectares of additional land will be earmarked for expansion. The port is expected to have a draught of about 12 metres. A special economic zone (SEZ) spread over 4,400 acres is likely to be set up around the port. BPL is also one of the promoters of the SEZ project.

According to West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation (WBIDC) sources, some of the major proposals considered recently were a multi-product SEZ at Rajarhat proposed by realtor Pradeep Chopra of PS Group, the foundry park project spread over 250 acre on Ranihati-Amta Road in Howrah, as also proposals promoted by state-based iron and steel majors, like the Ramrupai Balaji group and Adhunik Metaliks.

After reviewing individual applications, the state government would shortlist a few names and forward them to the central government with its own comments and recommendations. The consent of respective state governments is necessary before the Centre government gives formal approval. “Our presentation on the proposal for an SEZ within the upcoming foundry park spread over 924 acre was studied and we are hopeful of a positive response from the state government. The final outcome would only be known within the next two days,” Tapash Chatterjee, chief executive officer of Foundry Cluster Development Association —the implementing body for the project—said. 

The Indian Foundry Association, which, for long, has been working on the foundry park, had earlier appointed IL&FS-IDC which prepared a detailed project report. IL&FS-IDC, the joint venture between New Delhi-based Infrastructure Development Corporation and WBIDC, is also the consultant for the PS Group-promoted multi-product SEZ at Rajarhat. With the central government’s decision to go slow on IT SEZs, the fate of several such proposals pending before the BoA is hanging in balance. These proposals are from outfits like Xenitis Infotech, Parasmani Infrabuild, Enfield Infrastructure and Asian Gateway, a company controlled by Purnendu Chatterjee.

According to Mr Bhattacharya, about Rs 1,200 crore has been spent on various infrastructure and urban services projects in Kolkata. Besides, KMDA has lined up several urban development projects that would be implemented over the next seven years. He said the Centre had asked the State Government to take steps to repeal the Urban Land Ceiling Act before it releases funds for projects under the National Urban Renewal Mission. The State Government has formed a committee to look into issues in this regard. The committee is expected to submit its report within the next five-six months. “In the meantime, we have requested the Centre to release the funds so that work on various projects can continue,” he said for this purpose. The project entails an investment of Rs. 1,000 crore.Real estate major Salarpuria Group is all set to invest billions in West Bengal with projects ranging from hotels and residential complexes to IT special economic zones (SEZs), a top company official said here Wednesday. Some of the key projects on the anvil for the group include a 350-room four-star hotel at the upcoming township of Rajarhat here and also investments in two IT special economic zones (SEZs).

“We have planned to develop this (hotel) project within two and a half years from now. The project would be developed over 3.5 acres of land with an investment of more than Rs.2 billion ($50 million),” Salarpuria Group vice chairman Rakesh Salarpuria told IANS. He said the company has already bought the land from the West Bengal Housing Infrastructure Development Corporation (HIDCO) Ltd and is now awaiting approval to begin construction. “This apart, the group is also working out on a project to build a 50-room hotel along with a spa and 200 residential duplex bungalow at Thakurpukur on the city’s outskirts. There will be an investment of around Rs.1 billion for the project and it would be implemented in two phases, with Rs.500 million of investment in each phase,” Salarpuria said.

Falta Special Economic Zone
FSEZ, M.S.O Building,
4th Floor, Nizam Palace, Kolkata - 700020
Tel.: +(91)-(33)-22472263/ 7923 
Fax: +(91)-(33)-22477923
E-mail: fepz@wb.nic.in
Website: www.fepz.com

Salt Lake Electronic City-SEZ, Kolkata.
(Software Development and IT enabled services)
M/s. WIPRO Ltd., Wipro Infotech, Thapar House,
124, Janpath, New Delhi-110011
Tel.: +(91)-(11)-23366997
Fax: +(91)-(11)-23362145

Manikanchan, Salt Lake SEZ (for gems and jewellery)
West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation Ltd.
5, Council House Street, Kolkata-700001
Tel.: +(91)-(33)-22486583, 22101536/ 62-65
Fax: +(91)-(33)-22483737
E-mail: mdbidc@vsnl.com 
 

http://www.sezindiainvest.com/service

In today’s environment, as competition heightens and margins are squeezed, cost control is becoming increasingly important for growth and long-term sustainability. The outsourcing of non-core, yet critical activities, is emerging as a most dependable tool for success in any company and any industry.A well-coordinated workforce management ensures low overheads and quick ramp up of a flexible team size that can meet tight deadlines.Bookkeeping and Accounting services is an important part in the smooth and successful functioning of any bookkeeping business. Whatever be your industry, banking and finance, insurance, retail, manufacturing, transportation, automotive, pharmaceutical, media and entertainment, or any other professional service, bookkeeping is integral to it. Customers benefit as a result of fewer defects, reduction in turnaround time and improved delivery capabilities. These provide value-additions through improvement in the performance of the systems that have been outsourced, a reduction in the problems and failures, and improved stability. This results in high levels of customer satisfaction and repeat business from them. Implementing the processes trains both the organization and people to be methodical and process-driven. By outsourcing bookkeeping the company can go on doing and building business while their transactions are recorded by a third party. The company can concentrate on growing customer base and keeping clients happy. The company gets accurate and timely bookkeeping. The company gets the financial statements on time and business papers are processed on time as well. And the most important thing is this means paying cheaper bookkeeping rate for the most services the company can get.
 
The advantage of single-source support that covers a wide range of Accounting and Bookkeeping services including:

Account Reconciliation
General Ledger Maintenance
Inventory Reconciliation
Payroll Processing
Cash Flow Management
Payroll Administration
Budgeting
Taxation Services
VAT Services
Accounting data entry
Accounts Payable(Summary/detailed/aging)
Accounts Receivable(Summary/detailed/aging)
Bank and Credit Card Reconciliation
Month End Closing
Trial Balance
Customized Financial Statements as requested
Miscellaneous bookkeeping and administrative work

Benefits :

1. Outsourcing bookkeeping services comes with many added advantages. The main thing is that a record is made for every single transaction; accountability and efficiency are given equal prominence. If you are looking to outsource bookkeeping to India, Hi-Tech’s services will naturally top the list. Hi-Tech offers a wide range of bookkeeping services including data entry, bank and credit card reconciliation, trial balance, payroll preparation and month end closing. Hiring a third party to do bookkeeping is quite a common thing to do for companies today.Companies have realized the benefits of outsourcing bookkeeping instead of doing it in-house. However, a company should hire the bookkeeping company that will deliver to the level of services and quality it needs.

2. One reason why a company outsources is the aim to cut costs. The bookkeeping rate is a very important consideration. Companies look for the lowest bookkeeping rate considering the level of education and the amount of experiences bookkeepers have. They would hire bookkeepers that have a degree in accounting and those that have the knowhow in business concepts such as payroll, cash flow and taxation among others.

 3. Outsourcing companies have highly trained bookkeepers to do the most efficient and accurate bookkeeping. They have intensive experience in the field so hiring their expertise will really be worth it for the company. Hiring them assures the company that not only will their accounting books be well maintained, financial statements and business papers will be processed too.

 4. Many outsourcing companies will give companies a competitive bookkeeping rate. Their bookkeepers are always up to date to rules and regulation changes. They will take charge of adapting to rule changes for the company. Their bookkeepers and accountants are very capable to do the job for all their clients. They will do everything for the company so managers can concentrate on building the business instead.

 5. Hiring them will save the company a lot of money. One reason for that is they offer their services at a lower bookkeeping rate. The company will no longer need to hire in-house bookkeepers. It means less hiring and training costs for the company. It saves on office equipment and office space. More savings is incurred since the company will not be responsible for medical benefits and social security. But outsourcing bookkeeping means the company has knowledgeable and competent bookkeepers working for them.

6. With the caliber service outsourcing companies offer, the cost the company incurs is very minimal compared to the benefits it will get. While bookkeeping may seem just another responsibility the company is obliged to do, it is very important as well. It is done not just to comply with regulations but it is also to measure how the company is doing.

7. Having them do the job will give the company a clear and true picture of their performance. These bookkeepers will take care of keeping tabs on company performance and they will take care of the records as well. Confidentiality is very important to most of these companies so the company is assured of an ethical bookkeeping. Bookkeepers and accountants also possess the right ethics and the integrity every company demands.

 
http://www.work2india.com/taxation.htm

Joomla! is a free, one of the most powerful open source content management system for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets.

Open source content management systems can make creating and managing your website a lot easier.

A CMS does three things:

• Makes it easier to get your website up and running – once you’ve designed exactly what will best serve your site visitors, of course;
• Promotes good website practices; and Allows your non-technical staff members to easily make site updates.

It is written in the PHP (a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development.) programming language and uses the MySQL database by default. The Joomla! framework is built to support backwards compatibility to PHP 4.3 while also supporting the most current versions of PHP 5. Joomla is fully integrated with CiviCRM and integrates well with common packages like Democracy In Action and Get Active.

It is used all over the world for everything from simple websites to complex corporate applications. Joomla makes the difficult parts of building and running a high-powered web site easy.  Joomla! is easy to install, simple to manage, and reliable.

The name Joomla officially ends with an exclamation mark, but this is commonly omitted.

The system includes features such as page caching to improve performance, RSS feeds, printable versions of pages, news flashes, blogs, polls,

Joomla is designed to work just fine in basic shared hosting environments (the least expensive, most common web hosting package). Its installer looks much like the simple installers used for common desktop software, and the administrative interface that content editors use looks much like a desktop program as well.

There are three versions, one for 1.5 (native), which has two layouts (default which uses Divs, ULs and LIs, and table layout which uses tables). There are another two versions for 1.0. The two versions for 1.0 are for DIVs and tables respectively.

Developers leveraging the framework will have easier transitions with newer versions of Joomla! since underlying classes have been designed with forward compatibility in mind.  The idea is to ensure we have a solid foundation for future development while taking advantage of as much code reuse, as possible. 

 www.work2india.com

The Government forecast that the exports from SEZs would reach Rs 67,300 crore in 2007-08. India’s total exports may reach Rs 654, 912 crore in 2007-08.

Among the total exports the IT Sector is considered a major part of it. India is an acknowledged success story in this sector. The IT industry is growing at a rapid rate, powered by the English speaking, highly qualified engineers.

So is the telecommunication sector, which has enabled the IT revolution and is perhaps one of the most efficient and cost effective sectors in the world today.

The IT-ITeS sector has emerged as a strong force to drive the commercial real estate in indian economy and the IT-ITeS specific SEZ constitute more than half of the government approved list. According to the Commerce Ministry, there are 404 approved SEZ which can be expected to fetch an investment of over 3,00,000 crore and can generate an employment for 4 million people.

The Board of Approval (BoA) for SEZs approved four IT and IT-enabled services SEZs — two of Infosys Technologies that will come up in Andhra Pradesh capital and IT hub Hyderabad, and in the state’s Rangareddy district, and one each of Genpact India in Jaipur, Rajasthan, and Enfield Infrastructure Limited in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal.

The USD 2 billion (Rs 84 billion) Marathon Group announced its 26-acre Nexzone an IT/ ITeS special economic zone, near the proposed international airport at Navi Mumbai. The upcoming SEZ is the part of Marathon Group`s total 100 acre project, which would be completely eco-friendly with LEED certification.

With the pouring of IT companies in Bangalore, a number of IT or Technology parks have developed in the city. These IT parks are built to exacting international standards, supported by state-of-the-art infrastructure and offer a one-stop solution integrating office, production, commercial, residential and recreational needs in a single location. The IT parks are houses to leading houses of the electronic industries like Motorola, Infosys, Siemens, ITI, and Wipro etc to name a few.

The Government of Karnataka has identified an ‘IT Corridor’ in Bangalore and is expected to spend Rs. 200 crore over the next two years developing it. This IT corridor stretches from Whitefield through Indiranagar, Koramangala, Hosur Road, HSR Layout, Electronics City, J. P. Nagar and Banashankari. And with these IT companies to be located in this corridor, their employees of course would prefer to live in adjoining areas.Recent approval by the Karnataka Government on setting up of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) for Information Technology (IT) and Biotechnology sectors alone will account for about Rs. 20,000 crores which includes setting up of 6 SEZs. Many prominent corporates and developers have decided to invest on SEZ in Bangalore. Some of the SEZs cleared include those of Adarsh IT and IteS; Prestige Group; Dynasty, Sapphire and Tanglin Developers and Shapurji Pallonji. IT giant Wipro Technologies is setting up two SEZ in the city.By 2010 an estimated 100 million sq ft of IT/ ITeS specific commercial space is expected to come up in seven cities through Special Economic Zones alone in India.

Pune leads this list with 23 per cent of this amount -that is about 23 million sq ft which is almost one-fourth of the total space thus created. In terms of future outlook, the report said three large areas for IT/ITes — Hinjewadi, Talwade and Kharadi, that MIDC propelled into growth a few years ago — have started to show returns. Industry majors like Wipro, Infosys, KPIT Cummins, Syntel already present with their campus style developments in these regions are in expansion mode with Kharadi being touted as the next major IT destination after Hinjewadi.

The Wipro had developed a special economic zone (SEZ) for software development and IT-enabled services at Salt Lake Electronic City, Kolkata. The SEZ was developed with an estimated investment of Rs 125 crore ideally suited for software development with all support facilities.

Genpact in Kolkata operates out of a leased facility spread over 80,000 sq. ft at the DLF IT Park in Rajarhat and employs 420 people. “By this year, we will ramp up the headcount to 1,000 people and expand the new facility besides our existing facility. With the proposed SEZ facility on ground, Genpact will employ 5,000 people in Kolkata by 2010,”. The company has planned another IT SEZ in Kolkata at an investment of Rs 100 crore. It is looking out for five to seven acres near the city and will begin construction by mid-2008. Genpact has been insisting on Rajarhat as it proposes to start the SEZ facility at a much earlier date than the state government’s deadline for the two proposed IT hubs in Jagdishpur and Vedic Village, which is some 15 km from the Salt Lake Electronics Complex (Saltlec).

Genpact has recently received in-principle clearances to set up three SEZs in Bhopal, Bhubaneswar and Jaipur. It is also in the process of constructing a development centre on a 12-acre plot within the IT SEZ being developed by DLF in Gurgaon.

Genpact has already set up IT SEZs at Jaipur and Hyderabad.

The Bhubaneswar and Kolkata facilities will collectively employ 4,000 to 5,000 people when they get going by 2010-12. Genpact has about 24,000 employees at facilities at Gurgaon, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Bangalore and Kolkata.

http://www.work2india.com/business_process_outsourcing.htm

http://www.work2india.com/bookkeeping_services.htm

Double taxation can be defined as the levy of taxes on income / capital in the hands of the same tax payer in more than one country in respect of the same income or capital for the same period. 

Due to phenomenal growth in international trade and commerce and increasing interac tivity among the nations, residents of one country extend their sphere of business opera tions to other countries where income is earned. It is in the interest of all countries to ensure that undue tax burden is not cast on persons earning income by taxing them twice, once in the country of residence and again in the country where the income is derived. At the same time sufficient precautions are also needed to guard against tax evasion and to facilitate tax recoveries.By the very nature of their status as non residents they are likely to be covered by the laws of at least two countries, one country of which they are residents and second where such persons are earning income as non residents. It is, therefore, essential to know the manner in which income earned by them will be taxed whether in the country of their residence or the country where income is earned.

India has entered into Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA) with 65 countries including countries like U.S.A., U.K., Japan, France, Germany, etc. A typical DTA Agreement between India and another country covers only residents of India and the other contracting country who has entered into the agreement with India. A person who is not resident either of India or of the other contracting country cannot claim any benefit under the said DTA Agreement. Such agreement generally provides that the laws of the two contracting states will govern the taxation of income in respective states except when express provision to the contrary is made in the agreement. As for example Currently, there are 82 Saudi-Indian joint ventures valued at $467 million in the Kingdom and 49 ventures worth $ 229 million in India. The aim of the talks in the two capitals is to avoid double taxation in both countries and put in place measures to safeguard and promote investments between the two countries. India and Saudi Arabia signed the bilateral agreement in June last year which is required under the provisions of the World Trade Agreement (WTO). 

 http://www.work2india.com/financial_advisory_services.htm

http://www.work2india.com/taxation.htm

Tax law is the body of law that establishes how taxes are imposed and regulated by the government. Congress writes the tax laws, which become part of the tax code. A tax is defined as a tariff on economic transactions(income and property acquired) by individuals and corporations.

In addition to income tax, there is sales tax, gift tax, inheritance tax, capital gains tax, property tax, and a myriad of other areas of tax. Taxes are imposed by both the federal government and individual state governments. Tax laws are codified by the federal government in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which appears as Title 26 of the United States Code. The IRS is a branch of the U.S. Treasury Department, with headquarters in Washington, D.C., and is ruled by a commissioner appointed by the President. Regional commissioners and district directors, also political appointees, oversee IRS operations.

Every person liable for income tax must maintain books and records sufficient to establish the amount of his gross income.

While a variety of taxes exist, the most significant taxes within tax law include the income tax, social security tax, estate and gift taxes, property tax and sales and use taxes.

 There are score of deductions and credits that taxpayers can qualify for, including the earned income tax credit, child tax credit, and deductions and credits for college education.

Search engine optimization, otherwise known as search engine positioning, is proven to be the most effective means to attract visitors to websites. SEO advertising, also known as sponsored search is an online advertising strategy whereby the advertiser optimizes web pages to be indexed in result pages of leading search engines. If one do not advertise business website effectively, one can’t reach potential customers. One can choose SEO advertising as one of the profitable ways to advertise business

Some of the frequently used SEO techniques are:

• Domain and File Names: Uses primary keywords related to domain name.

• Keyword Density: It is one of the main features in the optimization process.

• Content Writing: Informative and keyword rich content is crucial for effective optimization. Proper usage of keyword within an article will highlight website at the top-most position.

• Meta Keywords Tags: Meta keywords include a list of keywords which are unique for each page.

• Title and Meta Description Tags: Different pages contain different title tags with two or three keyword phrases at the beginning. Keyword related descriptions are used for each page.

• Site Design: It includes efforts to make a site attractive by putting good color schemes, placing the graphic header and the menu bars at the right place on each page.

• Site Map: Site map or a good menu system on each page comes with links to every page on the site.

  A SEO technique helps one to 

• Find out ways to increase  website traffic
• Find  position in the leading search engines
• Apply suitable anchor text linking methodologies
• Use relevant title tags
• Index all webpage in the search engines
• Increase page rank

  SEO technology conducts the following analysis:

• Website’s textual content
• Website’s traffic
• Relevancy of search results
• Web site visibility in search engines

Professional search engine optimization services are:

• Competition analysis report
• Pre-optimization ranking report
• Search engine submissions
• Key phrases optimization
• Website traffic analysis
• Description tags
• Building keyword rich content
• Optimization and indexing
• SEO copywriting
• Enhancing link campaigns
• HTML coding including meta tags
• Creation of themed link pages
• Image optimization

Benefits

• Better usability
• More visibility of websites
• Growth in sales and conversions
• Greater brand recognition
• Credibility
• Cross browser compatibility

Link building procedures include the following steps:

• Prepare targeted link text and brief description on each web page
• Prepare HTML link exchange pages
• Link exchange with the complementary sites
• Provide security in link exchange deal
• Verify the links at regular intervals

Link building technique helps website in several ways. Some are listed below:

• Increases the importance of  websites
• Increases the ranking of  websites on top search engines
• Increases quality and targeted traffic to  websites
• Increases sales and services on  websites

Subscribed Links, formerly known as Search Add-ons offer a way for you to add information from additional sources or services to your Google search results. If someone is signed into their personal account that they set up on any google domain, then they could subscribe to a subscribed link offering under that account.
A subscribed link help users to see the top search results for various search subjects from his Search Engine Roundtable blog. When you search using queries that match your Subscribed Link, information from the provider will appear in your search results. Subscribed Links provide a means for web publishers to add information to the top of Google search results based on relevant search “triggers”. Web publishers do this by submitting a Subscribed Link URL or uploading a Subscribed Link file to Google, and by getting their users to “subscribe” to their Subscribed Link.  For example, if a user likes to travel and they find the content from certain major travel web sites to be particularly helpful, they would subscribe to those sites. By subscribing, they insure that the content of these sites will be brought to the top of search results when searching on relevant keywords.
One can display links to his services for the customers, provide news and status information updated in near-real-time, answer questions, calculate useful quantities, and more. To view a list of available Subscribed Links with example queries, visit the Subscribed Links directory.
Best Practice
Google does provide some guidelines for “best practices” when creating Subscribed Links. Perhaps the most important guideline is that Subscribed Links should only trigger on queries that are relevant to their content. Google feels very strongly about this, going so far as to say: “if your results flagrantly violate the principle of triggering only on relevant queries, Google reserves the right to disable their display entirely…”, per their Terms of Service.
 

Other guidelines include:

• The title of your output (Output name=”title”) should be in proper sentence case (first word capitalized, only proper nouns capitalized thereafter).
• In outputs, you should not make excessive use of capital letters and non-alphanumeric ASCII characters.
• Output body text (Output name=”text1″, Output name=”text2″, and Output name=”text3″) should provide information that is immediately useful and relevant to the defines queries. The output should not simply contain generic advertisements for your goods and services.
• Again, “If your results flagrantly violate these guidelines and produce a bad user experience, not only will users tend to remove them, but Google also reserves the right to disable your results entirely, as described in the Terms of Service.”
   

What you can do with Subscribed Links

• Create search results specific to your product, service, or expertise.
  Design a basic version in minutes to see how it works.
• Build a dynamic version using XML, TSV, or RSS files or feeds.
• Include images in your Subscribed Links.
• Include Google Gadgets in your Subscribed Links.
• Test your Subscribed Links interactively and get debugging messages.
• Define query patterns using lists of keywords or regular expressions.
• Invoke the calculator to help construct your results.
   

Benefits of subscribed links :

• Subscribed Links helps web publishers for easy availability of their contents to users. Additionally, it benefits them for placing their content at the top of Google search results above “generic” search results.
• It provides end users with a powerful means of enhancing their search experience and results, providing them with content from “trusted” sources and helping to filter out or push low value content down in search results.
• It should allow Google for supply of much more powerful and relevant search results to users over time, further enhancing the user search experience.
• Subscribed Links also gives end users the ability to “vote” on sites that they find to be valuable or authoritative. By going through the process of subscribing to a site, they are in essence casting a vote attesting to the value of that site.
• A distinctive benefit of Subscribed Links is that the content of low-value or spam web sites will be placed down in search results as high-value content is brought to the top. Web publishers who offer sites of little of no value, or who abuse Subscribed Links by using irrelevant search triggers to bring up their content, will be “punished” by end users who will not subscribe to their sites or will unsubscribe once they realize that the publisher is not providing any value.
   

How to Create a Subscribed Link
To enable Subscribed Links, click the “Preferences” link next to the main search box on the plain or Google home pages. Web Publishers create Subscribed Links by creating a Subscribed Link file. Google provides web publishers with three ways of creating Subscribed Links:

1. By creating a tab separated value (TSV) file
2. By submitting an RSS/Atom feed that has been augmented with special tags that define the keyword (search) “triggers”
3. By submitting a Subscribed Links file in XML format

Subscribed Links are submitted to Google in one of two ways:

1. By submitting a link feed URL. This is the method for submitting links for dynamic content   or for content files of over 500KB in size.
2. By uploading a Subscribed Links file. This is the method that is recommended for static content and content under 500KB in size.

Your Subscribed Links will appear in the fourth search result position. You can identify your Subscribed Link by the link that appears next to this result that reads “Manage my Subscribed Links.”
 

Subscribed Links has several new features:
Management from the Google Preferences page
New look and feel in the search results
Improved directory content
 

What does the Subscribed Links section of the Preferences page do?
This section of the Google Preferences page allows you to manage your Subscribed Links, which are specialized results that you can choose to display on your Google search results page. From the Preferences page, you can see a complete listing of the providers you’ve subscribed to, get more information about these Subscribed Links, or remove them from your account. You can also visit the Subscribed Links directory for a complete listing of available Subscribed Links.
 

Some drawbacks :

• When multiple Subscribed Links from different providers are triggered for the same query, only one of them will be displayed in full, with single links summarizing the others.
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Animation outsourcing is happening because studios are coming up in developing markets that offer world-class infrastructure and quality processes to produce animation work that’s delivered on time and within estimated cost.

Procedure : The usual procedure is for preproduction (preparing the script, storyboard, and exposure sheets) to be done in the United States or other headquarter countries, after which, the package is sent to Asia for production (drawing cels, colouring by hand, inking, painting, and camera work). The work is sent back to the U.S. or other headquarter country for post-production (film editing, colour timing, and sound).

India’s animation sector is witnessing a major boom. Indian studios are popping up alongside software firms and call centres that do work for firms in the West.    In films, television shows and electronic games, latecomer India has started to gain favour over more established animation centres such as Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and the Philippines.   And cities in India like Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Trivandrum have emerged as the country’s major animation hubs. The total animation production by Indian companies is expected to rise from $ 600 million in 2001 to $1.5 billion by 2005, while the total global animation production would touch $51.7 billion.Overseas entertainment giants like Walt Disney, Imax and Sony are increasingly outsourcing cartoon characters and special effects to India. The animation market in India today is characterised by the presence of multiple players including Crest Communications, UTV Toons, Pentamedia Graphics, Padmalaya Telefilms, Moving Pictures and Toonz Animation, Crest Communications and Jadooworks.

• Set up with an investment of $7 million in 1999, Toonz Animation has emerged as one of the leading players in the nascent Indian animation market. Besides focusing on developing its own cartoon animation, skits, serials and full-length feature films for the export market, Toonz also has a co-production deal with Britain-based Tree House Production for a fun animation series. A full-fledged feature film called Tommy and Oscar is in the final stages of production at the Toonz Animation Studio, Technopark, Kerala. A team of artists and technicians is working frenetically to complete the film for the Italian producer Rainbow Productions.
• Applied Gravity, a New Zealand-based company, has outsourced nearly 90 per cent of it animation work to Nipuna Services, the business process outsourcing subsidiary of Satyam Computer Servcies. An animatronics dog for Animal Planet (Discovery channel) for a popular episode called K9 to11 and animatronics models for New Zealand theme parks were some of the best-known creations of Applied Gravity in India.
• The Walt Disney Company has outsourced some of its major animation projects to various studios across India. Cartoon Network is buying animation films made in India. MTV has added India to its outsourcing hub along with the Philippines and South Korea.
• A recent US$14 million deal between Italy’s Mondo TV, Europe’s No 2 cartoon producer and distributor, and India’s Padmalaya Telefilms, is the latest boost to India’s creative reputation.  Padmalaya will make 104 cartoon episodes for US$14 million and distribute Mondo’s library for US$15 million in cash and stock.    Padmalaya, a unit of India’s largest listed media firm, Zee Telefilms, will also set up a 3D animation studio in Bombay to make cartoons for US$7,000 a minute - a third of costs in Europe.   

India has become an outsourcing hub for animation films because:

1. India has a vast base of English speaking workforce: Animation, which requires familiarity with the English language, benefits when the work is outsourced to India. A number of animation companies in the country are also creating skilled manpower for the animation market through various training programmes.
2. Presence of good studios: India has the second largest entertainment industry in the world, after Hollywood. Animation studios in the country provide a large supply of low-cost, high-quality software engineers. A number of Indian animation companies have set up hi-tech studios (equipped with state-of-the-art hardware and software) to execute overseas projects.
3. A track record in meeting Western companies’ technology needs.
4. Low cost of animation services: The main reason why foreign entertainment firms are flocking to India is the cost advantage the country offers. For instance, in the US, animators can cost about $125 an hour; in India, they cost $25 an hour. The total cost for making a full-length animated film in America is estimated to be $100 million to $175 million. In India, it can be made for $15 million to $25 million. The rates for production of a half-hour television animation programme would be around $ 2,50,000-4,00,000 in the USA and Canada, it is in the region of $ 60,000 in India, the report says. Toonz Animation offers animation at 25 per cent to 40 per cent lower rates than other Asian studios and much lower than those of American studios.

India is, however, up against substantial competition from countries within the Asia Pacific region such as the Philippines, Taiwan and South Korea that have been active in the animation production market for a longer period.

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Clinical research (CR) organization is one that manages a research or an investigation to assess and/or verify the clinical, pharmacological or other pharmacodynamic effects, safety and/or efficacy and adverse reactions of an investigational product. In recent times, most of them have expanded their scope of services to provide comprehensive management of complex drug trial processes for their client companies as well as to facilitate access to vast areas of expertise, which may not exist in the client’s internal organization. Over the past few years, CR organizations have garnered bulk of the outsourced clinical research revenue share. Clinical research outsourcing (CRO) is “new” and fast growing industry worth $118 million. The prediction is that CRO will be worth $380 million by 2010 as companies look to India to cut the cost of drug development.

Why choose India :

1. An other important reason for considering India for clinical trial is availability of man power at a comparatively cheaper salaries, it is estimated that 20-30 percent of cost is saved by hiring clinical researchers, nurses and IT staff from India in addition to costs associated with patients. For instance, trials for a standard drug in the United States can cost about $150 million. A similar drug could be tested in India at a 60 per cent reduction of that whopping cost.
2. Biopharmaceutical majors worldwide are realizing that the time-consuming and expensive affair of drug discovery and development can be done easier and better in India. Global consultancy McKinsey & Co estimates that by 2010, global pharma majors would spend around $1-1.5 billion just for drug trials in the country.
3. India has the largest pool of patients suffering from cancer, diabetes and other maladies is leading the country to an altogether different destination. India has 30 million people in India have heart diseases, 25 million have type-II diabetes and 10 million suffer psychiatric disorders, and notes recruits in India are more likely to comply fully with the trial processes.
4. India’s pool of highly skilled doctors, trained medical personnel, investigators, and the support research infrastructure to be highly attractive and as a result, large numbers of international companies are now viewing India as a potential center of knowledge, skills and resources, and are hoping to derive expertise-based synergies from Indian partners.
5. Pharma giants are also magnetized by India due to the fact that the country offers nearly 700,000 speciality hospital beds, 221 medical colleges and skilled English-speaking medical personnel.

List of  companies engaged in CRO business

• Eli Lilly: The global pharmaceutical giant has 17 large and small clinical research projects running in 40 hospitals across India.The company’s clinical trials are to test if Xigris, which is indicated for reduction of mortality in adult patients, can be used for sepsis. Eli Lilly has already held clinical trials involving more than 600 patients for Human Insulin and Insulin Lispro. It is also these days conducting trials on oncology, and developing a new molecule for lung cancer.
• Pfizer: The pharma giant has picked up six cities in the northeastern states of India to conduct clinical trials on 300 patients on a new malaria ‘cocktail’ drug that combines chloroquine (to which Indian malarial strains have developed resistance) and azithromycin, an antibiotic.Pfizer is also carrying out clinical trials for drugs to treat osteoporosis, breast cancer and schizophrenia. Pfizer’s cumulative investment on clinical research in India is believed to be $13 million.
• Roche: The Swiss pharma major has set up clinical trial sites in India as part of its global trials for treatment of a particular variant of lung cancer. One of the reasons for considering India is that it has a vast patient population infected by this type of lung cancer, which is primarily triggered by use of tobacco products.India is also being considered a prospective site for Roche’s future clinical trials involving new drugs and therapies for treatment of different variants of blood cancer and colorectal diseases.
• SIRO Clinpharm: SIRO is currently conducting clinical trial projects in over 30 hospitals across the country for several clients from Europe, Japan, the United States and also India.
• The trials in India are mostly in different areas like oncology, endocrinology, traumatology, sports medicine, pulmonary diseases, pediatric diseases and infectious diseases.
• Clinigene International: The Bangalore-based Clinigene says India’s huge population allows new-drug studies to be completed much faster. Last year, when a biotechnology company from the US needed 400 diabetics for a study, Clinigene began by heading to a nearby hospital specialising in diabetes, where a dozen new patients arrive every day and more than 40,000 are in its records.
• Wellquest: Wellquest, the clinical trials division of the Nicholas Piramal Group, is conducting 40 drug product tests in five cities across the country. The company has 75 beds for patients on whom clinical trials are being carried out.
• Quintiles in Bangalore is expanding the data management team by moving work to India and has hired 187 people in data management.
• ICON Clinical Research has acquired a Chennai-based Biomines Research Solutions which will focus on data management and biometrics services. Bangalore-based Pharmanet’s (now SFBC International) has an operational data management and biostatistics unit which is handling a lot of clinical data management work in co-ordination with their UK and European office.
• Mumbai-based clinical research organisations like Asian Clinical Trial, ClinInvent, DnO, have invested on oracle clinical software to provide data management services to global pharma companies.
• Acunova, an off-shoot of Manipal group of hospitals has expertise in bioinformatics and medical software and offers clinical data management and biostatistics services to pharma companies, besides the site management and contrac research capabilities.
• Synchron, a local CRO offers complete clinical data management services for data processing, analysis and management from their Bangalore facilities.
• Besides this, many clinical CROs including Covance, Parexel, Chiltern, PRA International, MDS, Lambda, etc are exploring the possibility of setting up clinical trial data management and biostatistics in India.
• Some CROs are hiring resources in areas like biostatistics, SAS programming and other IT enabled services to work from Indian remote locations to support their active data management units.
• Accenture is working exclusively for Wyeth in clinical trial data management with a strength of approximately 400 people, having two offices and plans to open third one. GSK’s biomedical data sciences India and clinical data management center at Bangalore supports 36 studies for GSK worldwide with its 64 people on roll (can accommodate 120).
• IBM Life Science solutions aims to provide the IT infrastructure that researchers in biotechnology, pharmaceutical research, genomics, proteomics, and healthcare need to turn data into scientific discovery and new treatments for disease. IBM is also offering installation, validation and training support for clinical data management unit in India.
• Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) in Hyderabad, in collaboration with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and supported by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) aims to offer end-to-end solutions, services and products to life sciences and healthcare institutions worldwide.
• Another IT giant, Infosys has a life science division and they do claim to be involved global contract research. Besides, Infosys is partnering with Oracle India to provide installation, validation and training for Oracle clinical software.
• Satyam Computers in collaborations with Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB, Hyderabad) develops software tools for genetic testing and provides manpower services, pharma-cum-database value added services to pharma and biotech companies.
• Wipro Healthcare’s Life Science division claims to offer pharma companies IT solutions that will reduce drug discovery and approval time. Sakti Group, a New York and Bangalore-based company is also doing data management and statistics work. Besides, this every small and big software companies are developing a package/software for clinical trial management, project management, documentation management, approaching small CROs, pharma companies, etc.

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